How can a function be called in Python, and what are the various methods to achieve this

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Question: How can a function be invoked in Python, and what are the various methods to achieve this?

Answer:

In Python, calling a function involves executing the code within that function. There are several ways to invoke a function, each serving specific purposes. Here are the main methods:

Standard Function Call:
The most common way to call a function is by using its name followed by parentheses. This is known as a standard function call.
In this example, the function greet is called with the argument "John" using the standard function call.

def greet(name):
    print(f"Hello, {name}!")

greet("John")

Default Argument Values:
Functions can have default values for their arguments. If an argument is not provided during the call, the default value is used.
In this case, the function greet can be called without providing an argument, and it will use the default value "Guest."

def greet(name="Guest"):
    print(f"Hello, {name}!")

greet()  # Output: Hello, Guest!

Keyword Arguments:
You can also use keyword arguments to specify values for specific parameters by mentioning the parameter name during the function call.
Here, the function greet is called with values assigned to the parameters using keywords.

def greet(name, age):
    print(f"Hello, {name}! You are {age} years old.")

greet(name="Alice", age=25)

Arbitrary Argument Lists:
Functions can accept a variable number of arguments using *args for positional arguments and **kwargs for keyword arguments.
This function can be called with any number of positional and keyword arguments.

def print_arguments(*args, **kwargs):
    print("Positional arguments:", args)
    print("Keyword arguments:", kwargs)

print_arguments(1, 2, 3, name="John", age=30)